Law enforcement officers perform the difficult and demanding job of protecting the public, while putting themselves in harm’s way. We appreciate their work and their sacrifices.
In every profession, there are examples of bad behavior. From teachers to doctors to journalists to coaches to politicians….no profession is exempt, including peace officers.
In the case of law enforcement, the public entrusts them with awesome powers. Those powers include using various means of force…up to and including deadly force.
The public deserves transparency and accountability when it comes to use of force. If an officer makes a mistake, or deliberately breaks the rules, those actions need to be evaluated and addressed. Communities need to trust that bad behavior will be called out and that it will not be tolerated.
With that in mind, we attempted to gather information on how local law enforcement agencies use force. Jerry Brown, California Attorney General, offered an opinion in May that we thought would help provide some transparency. The opinion included this conclusion:
In response to a request made under the California Public Records Act for the names of peace officers involved in a critical incident, such as the one in which lethal force was used, a law enforcement agency must disclose those names unless, on the facts of the particular case, the public interest served by not disclosing the names clearly outweighs the public interest served by disclosing the names.
We wrote to seven local law enforcement agencies and asked, under the California Public Records Act, for use of force reports or internal investigations regarding use of force for the past ten years – including settlements paid by tax dollars. It’s not unprecedented…The San Francisco Chronicle used the Public Records Act to obtain records of over 8,000 uses of force logged by officers in the San Francisco Police Department from 1996 to 2004. You can read about their findings here.
We were not so fortunate. Each agency (or rather, their respective attorneys) responded and cited the government codes and penal codes that they interpreted as shielding the majority of our request from public disclosure. In the end, the only information that we were able to obtain regarding use of force were the ones that related to settlements.
Some agencies were more forthcoming than others.
San Diego County Sheriff’s Department provided us with settlements and the claims related to the settlements. The claims described the use of force incidents (from the claimant’s point of view), and included the names of deputies and claimants.
Because of its size, the most effective way for the San Diego Police Department to fulfill our request was to draw upon a database of claims kept by the risk management department. We were told that the database only goes back five years, and that it does not contain a field for the officers’ names. If we wanted the officers’ names, a physical search of each individual record would have to be conducted.
We agreed to receive a summary of the available records and review it to see which claims we wanted to request additional information on. We received a list of 213 claims that cited the name of the claimant, the incident date, the general location of the incident, a few brief remarks about the claim, and the payments made. Of those 213 claims, 43 resulted in financial settlements; and 26 claims are still pending.
When we requested additional information for some of the claims, it was provided in a timely manner and contained a description of the use of force incident from the claimant’s point of view, and the names of officers and claimants.
Carlsbad Police Department also used its city’s risk management database to give us a summary of five settlements related to excessive or improper use of force, and asked us if we wanted the files pulled from storage. The summary included the claimant’s names, the amount and dates of the settlements; two of the claims indicated the type of force.
When we requested that all five of the claims be pulled from storage, we received additional information promptly (except for one because we were told that the case file had been destroyed, according to the city’s record retention schedule). The claims contained a description of the incident from the claimant’s point of view, and the names of officers and claimants.
El Cajon Police Department only provided the “settlement agreement and mutual release” documents for its two settlements involving use of force. These agreements/releases provide the names of claimants and officers and the amount of the settlements, but they do not include a description of the incident.
Escondido Police Department also only provided the “general release and settlement of claim” documents for its two settlements involving use of force. One of the settlements did not include the names of any officers. Again, there was no description of the incident.
Oceanside Police Department also only provided the “settlement, release and waiver agreements” for its five settlements involving use of force. The names of claimants, officers and the amount of the settlements were included. No descriptions of incidents were provided.
Chula Vista Police Department gave us a list of its nine settlements. A tenth settlement was added when it was recently reported in the news (Christian Morales settlement for $400,000). This list only contained the names of the claimants, the date and amount of the settlements, and a few words on the type of force used in the incident.